Evolução clinica e endoscopica da hipertensão portal em crianças e adolescentes : experiencia de um serviço terciario
Daniela Gois Meneses
DISSERTAÇÃO
Português
T/UNICAMP M524e
[Clinical and endoscopic evolution of portal hypertension in children and adolescents]
Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2009.
83 f. : il.
Orientadores: Adriana Maria Alves De Tommaso, Elizete Aparecida Lomazi da-Costa-Pinto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Resumo: A história natural da hipertensão portal (HP) é pouco conhecida em crianças e dados relacionados à evolução em longo prazo são escassos. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a evolução endoscópica da HP em 98 pacientes (0 a18 anos) admitidos no Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP, no período de...
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Resumo: A história natural da hipertensão portal (HP) é pouco conhecida em crianças e dados relacionados à evolução em longo prazo são escassos. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a evolução endoscópica da HP em 98 pacientes (0 a18 anos) admitidos no Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP, no período de março de 1986 a dezembro de 2006 e seguidos, em média, por 6,4 anos. Estudo descritivo e longitudinal. Dados coletados por meio de revisão de prontuários. Analisadas informações referentes a gênero; idade; etiologia; avaliações clínicas, laboratoriais e endoscópicas; tratamentos clínico, endoscópico e cirúrgico da hipertensão portal; complicações do tratamento endoscópico; episódios de hemorragia digestiva alta; evolução das varizes esofagogástricas e da gastropatia da hipertensão portal; causas de óbito. Realizada análise estatística descritiva, comparação de proporções Qui-Quadrado ( c2) com Correção de Yates ou o método Exato de Fisher, comparação entre grupos Teste T (de Student) com Correção de Welch. O nível de significância estabelecido foi p0,05. A maioria dos pacientes era do gênero feminino (58,2%). A causa mais comum de HP foi obstrução da veia porta extra-hepática (OVPEH) (44,9%), seguida pelas doenças que evoluem para cirrose (40,8% dos pacientes). A idade mediana à admissão foi de 4,3 anos. Os sinais endoscópicos de risco de sangramento à admissão, o antecedente de HDA e sua ocorrência durante o seguimento foram mais frequentes nos pacientes não cirróticos (p= 0,0001, p= 0,0001 e p= 0,0015, respectivamente). Cerca de 40% (3998) dos pacientes, em sua maioria cirróticos, não apresentaram HDA durante o seguimento. A profilaxia endoscópica primária associou-se a período livre de sangramento digestivo significativamente mais longo (p= 0,036) no grupo de cirróticos. A erradicação das varizes de esôfago, em cirróticos e não cirróticos, associou-se a diminuição do risco de sangramento dessas varizes (p= 0,0001) e não ocasionou aumento quantitativo de varizes gástricas (p=0,12) e(ou) gastropatia da hipertensão portal (p= 0,87). No entanto, ocorreu aumento do número de episódios de sangramento de origem gástrica. Após tratamento para erradicação ou redução do risco de sangramento, 3342 (78,5%) pacientes foram seguidos por um período superior a 1 ano. Os sinais de risco de sangramento reapareceram em 72,7% dos pacientes, em média 16,2 meses após interrupção do tratamento endoscópico. O óbito foi mais frequente entre os cirróticos (p= 0,001). Em conclusão, os sinais endoscópicos de risco de sangramento e a frequencia de HDA predominaram entre os não cirróticos. A profilaxia endoscópica primária foi mais efetiva entre os cirróticos. O tratamento endoscópico é eficaz para diminuição dos sinais de risco de sangramento de varizes de esôfago, porém há um alto índice de recidiva desses sinais e aumento dos episódios de HDA por variz gástrica e gastropatia da HP após erradicação das varizes de esôfago. A mortalidade foi superior entre os cirróticos
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Abstract: The natural evolution of portal hypertension (PH) is little known in children and data related to long term evolution are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the endoscopic evolution of PH in 98 patients. This is a descriptive and transversal study, in which were included both...
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Abstract: The natural evolution of portal hypertension (PH) is little known in children and data related to long term evolution are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the endoscopic evolution of PH in 98 patients. This is a descriptive and transversal study, in which were included both male and female patients with PH, aged from 0 to 18 years, enrolled at the Clinical Hospital of the FCM/UNICAMP. The mean follow-up was 6.4 years. Data from March 1986 to December 2006 were collected through review of medical records, and information analyzed were related to gender; age; etiology; clinical, laboratory and endoscopic evaluation; clinical, endoscopic and surgical treatments of PH; complications of endoscopic treatment; upper gastrointestinal
bleeding episodes; evolution of esophagogastric varices and PH gastropathy; causes of death. Descriptive statistical analysis and comparison of proportions were accomplished, through Chi-Square (c2) with Yates correction or the Fisher's exact method; comparison among groups: Student's t Test with Welch's Correction. The significance level was p<0,05. Most patients were female (58.2%). The main cause of PH was obstruction of extra-hepatic portal vein (OEHPV) (44.9%), followed by diseases that progress to cirrhosis (40.8%). The median age at admission was 4.3 years. Endoscopic signs of bleeding risk at admission, the history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) and its occurrence during follow-up were more frequent among noncirrhotic patients. Among patients who were included in this study, 39.8% (39/98) has not showed UGB during follow-up, most of them cirrhotic. Primary endoscopic prophylaxis in cirrhotic group was associated to a longer period without showing digestive bleeding. Total eradication of esophageal varices in both cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients was associated to a reduction of bleeding risk in those varices. It was not detected a quantitative increase of gastric varices (p=0.12) and/or PH gastropathy (p=0.87). However, it was observed an increase in the number of bleeding episodes from gastric varices. After treatment for eradication or reduction of bleeding risk, 33/42 patients were followed for a period over 1 year. Signs of bleeding risk reappear in 72.7% of patients, on average 16.2 months after interruption of endoscopic treatment. Death was more frequent among cirrhotics (p=0.001). In conclusion, endoscopic signs of bleeding risk and frequency of UGB episodes was predominant among non-cirrhotic. Primary endoscopic prophylaxis was more effective among cirrhotic. Although endoscopic treatment is effective in reducing the risk of bleeding from esophageal varices, there is a high index of recurrence of that signs and an increase in episodes of UGB from gastric varices and gastropathy from PH after eradication of espophageal varices. The mortality was higher among cirrhotic
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bleeding episodes; evolution of esophagogastric varices and PH gastropathy; causes of death. Descriptive statistical analysis and comparison of proportions were accomplished, through Chi-Square (c2) with Yates correction or the Fisher's exact method; comparison among groups: Student's t Test with Welch's Correction. The significance level was p<0,05. Most patients were female (58.2%). The main cause of PH was obstruction of extra-hepatic portal vein (OEHPV) (44.9%), followed by diseases that progress to cirrhosis (40.8%). The median age at admission was 4.3 years. Endoscopic signs of bleeding risk at admission, the history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) and its occurrence during follow-up were more frequent among noncirrhotic patients. Among patients who were included in this study, 39.8% (39/98) has not showed UGB during follow-up, most of them cirrhotic. Primary endoscopic prophylaxis in cirrhotic group was associated to a longer period without showing digestive bleeding. Total eradication of esophageal varices in both cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients was associated to a reduction of bleeding risk in those varices. It was not detected a quantitative increase of gastric varices (p=0.12) and/or PH gastropathy (p=0.87). However, it was observed an increase in the number of bleeding episodes from gastric varices. After treatment for eradication or reduction of bleeding risk, 33/42 patients were followed for a period over 1 year. Signs of bleeding risk reappear in 72.7% of patients, on average 16.2 months after interruption of endoscopic treatment. Death was more frequent among cirrhotics (p=0.001). In conclusion, endoscopic signs of bleeding risk and frequency of UGB episodes was predominant among non-cirrhotic. Primary endoscopic prophylaxis was more effective among cirrhotic. Although endoscopic treatment is effective in reducing the risk of bleeding from esophageal varices, there is a high index of recurrence of that signs and an increase in episodes of UGB from gastric varices and gastropathy from PH after eradication of espophageal varices. The mortality was higher among cirrhotic
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Da-Costa-Pinto, Elizete Aparecida Lomazi, 1957-
Coorientador
De Tommaso, Adriana Maria Alves
Orientador
Hessel, Gabriel, 1960-
Avaliador
Sawamura, Regina
Avaliador
Evolução clinica e endoscopica da hipertensão portal em crianças e adolescentes : experiencia de um serviço terciario
Daniela Gois Meneses
Evolução clinica e endoscopica da hipertensão portal em crianças e adolescentes : experiencia de um serviço terciario
Daniela Gois Meneses
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