Evolução clinica, laboratorial, ultra-sonografica e endoscopica de pacientes com trombose de veia porta diagnosticada na faixa etaria pediatrica
Roberta Vacari de Alcantara
DISSERTAÇÃO
Português
(Broch.)
T/UNICAMP AL16e
[Extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction diagnosed in childhood]
Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2007.
76f. : il.
Orientador: Gabriel Hessel
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Resumo: A trombose de veia porta (TVP) é uma importante causa de hipertensão portal na faixa etária pediátrica (FEP). As principais formas de apresentação clínica são hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) e esplenomegalia. Há pouca informação sobre a evolução dessa doença em crianças. O objetivo desse...
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Resumo: A trombose de veia porta (TVP) é uma importante causa de hipertensão portal na faixa etária pediátrica (FEP). As principais formas de apresentação clínica são hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) e esplenomegalia. Há pouca informação sobre a evolução dessa doença em crianças. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a evolução clínica, laboratorial, ultra-sonográfica e endoscópica de pacientes com TVP na FEP. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e longitudinal de 51 pacientes com TVP sem doença hepática crônica associada acompanhados no Ambulatório de Hepatologia Pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas entre janeiro de 1986 e junho de 2006. Elaborou-se uma ficha de coleta de dados, a partir dos prontuários dos pacientes incluídos, que constou dos seguintes itens: identificação e avaliações clínica, laboratorial, ultra-sonográfica e endoscópica. Da avaliação laboratorial, foram obtidos os resultados dos seguintes exames: eritrograma, leucograma, contagem de plaquetas, RNI e R. Foram selecionados os resultados dos primeiros e últimos exames realizados, e os que foram coletados próximo ao ultra-som de abdome em que havia o resultado da dimensão do baço. A análise estatística foi descritiva para os indicadores clínicos e, para análise das variáveis, foram empregados os testes de McNemar, Mann-Whitney e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. A análise de sobrevida dos pacientes foi realizada pelo método de Kaplan-Meier. Foi adotado nível de significância de 5%. HDA e esplenomegalia foram as principais formas de apresentação clínica que justificaram o encaminhamento para investigação, com freqüência de 66% e 22%, respectivamente. As medianas da idade do início dos sintomas foi de 3,7 anos e do tempo de seguimento foi de 4,8 anos. O fator de risco (FR) associado à TVP não foi identificado na maioria dos casos. Quando identificado, o mais freqüente foi o cateterismo umbilical (27,5%). A freqüência da HDA foi alta na admissão (66%) e na evolução (78%). A esplenomegalia já estava presente ao exame físico em 83,7% dos casos na admissão. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava níveis séricos de aminotransferases normais e alta freqüência de anemia, leucopenia e plaquetopenia. Com a evolução, observaram-se melhora da anemia e persistência da leucopenia e da plaquetopenia. A comparação entre a dimensão esplênica e a contagem de leucócitos, plaquetas e valores de R mostrou diferença estatística, sendo inversamente proporcional para o número de leucócitos e de plaquetas e diretamente proporcional para o R. Cinqüenta pacientes foram submetidos à endoscopia digestiva. Ao diagnóstico, 88% dos pacientes apresentavam varizes de esôfago (VE), 50% varizes gástricas (VG) e 22% gastropatia da hipertensão portal (GHP). As últimas endoscopias evidenciaram VE em 73%, VG em 60% e GHP em 41% dos pacientes. Escleroterapia e/ou ligadura de varizes esofágicas foram realizadas em 41 pacientes, sendo a maioria dos procedimentos realizados no primeiro semestre após o início da terapia endoscópica (p<0,001). Biliopatia portal foi diagnosticada em 4 pacientes. Três pacientes foram submetidos a shunt porto-sistêmico. Evolução para óbito ocorreu em 3 pacientes. Em conclusão, HDA, esplenomegalia e hiperesplenismo devem alertar o médico para o diagnóstico de TVP. A maioria dos casos permanece sem FR conhecido. O sangramento digestivo ocorreu na maior parte dos pacientes e motivou múltiplas transfusões. A doença apresenta baixa mortalidade, mas alta morbidade
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Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze clinical, laboratory, ultrasonographic and endoscopic data of PVT in children. We comprised 51 children who had PVT diagnosed between January 1986 and January 2006. All of them were selected from the record of patients admitted to the Hepatology...
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Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze clinical, laboratory, ultrasonographic and endoscopic data of PVT in children. We comprised 51 children who had PVT diagnosed between January 1986 and January 2006. All of them were selected from the record of patients admitted to the Hepatology Pediatric Outpatient Clinic of the University of Campinas Teaching Hospital (Unicamp), city of Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The information obtained from the patients¿ charts included their clinical, laboratory, ultrasonographic and endoscopic data. The following values were included in the laboratory
evaluation: hemoglobin, white blood cell and platelet counts, INR and R values. The first and last results of these exams were selected, as well as those exams performed next to an abdominal ultrasonography in which the spleen dimension was available. The clinical data were obtained from descriptive statistical analysis. The Mann-Whitney and McNemar tests and Spearman¿s rank correlation coefficient were used for variable data. Kaplan-Meier¿s method was used in order to determine patient¿s life expectancy. A p-value of <0.05 was considered signif icant. Initial manifestations included gastrointestinal bleeding and splenomegaly, seen in 66% and 22% of the patients, respectively, with a median age of 3.7 years old. The patients were followed for a median time of 4.8 years. The etiologic factor for PVT was not available in most patients and umbilical catheterization was identified in 27.5% of all cases. Sixty percent of the patients presented with GI bleeding at the first medical evaluation and 78% of them had presented GI bleeding at the last one. Splenomegaly was the most frequent sign at physical examination, occurring in 83.7% of the children at presentation. Most patients had normal liver enzymes, but low levels of hemoglobin, leukocytes and platelet counts were commonly seen. The last evaluation showed persistent leucopenia and low platelet count. The correlation between the spleen dimension and the white blood cell count, platelet count and R was statistically significant. Fifty patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. At first evaluation, 88% of the patients presented with esophageal varices, 50% with gastric varices and 22% with portal hypertensive gastropathy. The last endoscopies showed esophageal varices in 73%, gastric varices in 60% e portal hypertensive gastropathy in 41%. Forty-one patients underwent sclerotherapy and/or esophageal ligation, most of whom during the first 6-month period after they were initiated (p < 0.001). Portal biliopathy occurred in four patients. Shunt surgery was performed in three patients. Three patients died. In conclusion: Gastrointestinal bleeding, splenomegaly and hypersplenism should alert physicians to PVT. The etiologic factor related to PVT remains uncertain in most cases. The majority of patients experienced gastrointestinal bleeding and many blood transfusions. Therefore, PVT seems to cause little mortality but high morbidity Ver menos
evaluation: hemoglobin, white blood cell and platelet counts, INR and R values. The first and last results of these exams were selected, as well as those exams performed next to an abdominal ultrasonography in which the spleen dimension was available. The clinical data were obtained from descriptive statistical analysis. The Mann-Whitney and McNemar tests and Spearman¿s rank correlation coefficient were used for variable data. Kaplan-Meier¿s method was used in order to determine patient¿s life expectancy. A p-value of <0.05 was considered signif icant. Initial manifestations included gastrointestinal bleeding and splenomegaly, seen in 66% and 22% of the patients, respectively, with a median age of 3.7 years old. The patients were followed for a median time of 4.8 years. The etiologic factor for PVT was not available in most patients and umbilical catheterization was identified in 27.5% of all cases. Sixty percent of the patients presented with GI bleeding at the first medical evaluation and 78% of them had presented GI bleeding at the last one. Splenomegaly was the most frequent sign at physical examination, occurring in 83.7% of the children at presentation. Most patients had normal liver enzymes, but low levels of hemoglobin, leukocytes and platelet counts were commonly seen. The last evaluation showed persistent leucopenia and low platelet count. The correlation between the spleen dimension and the white blood cell count, platelet count and R was statistically significant. Fifty patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. At first evaluation, 88% of the patients presented with esophageal varices, 50% with gastric varices and 22% with portal hypertensive gastropathy. The last endoscopies showed esophageal varices in 73%, gastric varices in 60% e portal hypertensive gastropathy in 41%. Forty-one patients underwent sclerotherapy and/or esophageal ligation, most of whom during the first 6-month period after they were initiated (p < 0.001). Portal biliopathy occurred in four patients. Shunt surgery was performed in three patients. Three patients died. In conclusion: Gastrointestinal bleeding, splenomegaly and hypersplenism should alert physicians to PVT. The etiologic factor related to PVT remains uncertain in most cases. The majority of patients experienced gastrointestinal bleeding and many blood transfusions. Therefore, PVT seems to cause little mortality but high morbidity Ver menos
Evolução clinica, laboratorial, ultra-sonografica e endoscopica de pacientes com trombose de veia porta diagnosticada na faixa etaria pediatrica
Roberta Vacari de Alcantara
Evolução clinica, laboratorial, ultra-sonografica e endoscopica de pacientes com trombose de veia porta diagnosticada na faixa etaria pediatrica
Roberta Vacari de Alcantara
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