Lobby e representação de interesses : lobistas e seu impacto sobre a representação de interesse no Brasil
Andrea Cristina de Jesus Oliveira
TESE
Português
(Broch.)
T/UNICAMP OL4L
Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2004.
296p. : il.
Orientador: Bruno Wilhelm Speck
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Resumo: Este trabalho examina a atuação dos lobistas a fim de investigar sua relação com os poderes Legislativo e Executivo, com seus clientes e, sobretudo, as estratégias de ação que utilizam para alcançar seus objetivos. Como a atividade lobista apresenta várias formas de atuação, a caracterizamos...
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Resumo: Este trabalho examina a atuação dos lobistas a fim de investigar sua relação com os poderes Legislativo e Executivo, com seus clientes e, sobretudo, as estratégias de ação que utilizam para alcançar seus objetivos. Como a atividade lobista apresenta várias formas de atuação, a caracterizamos em quatro tipos: lobbing público; lobbying institucional; lobbying classista e lobbying privado. Nossa análise, no entanto, foi delimitada à comparação dos lobbying classista e privado. O pleno desenvolvimento do lobbying no Brasil só foi possível com o fortalecimento do poder Legislativo, resultante do processo de redemocratização do país. Porém, a atual predominância do poder Executivo sobre o poder Legislatívo faz com que o foco de atuação do lobbying no Brasil se dirija aos dois poderes. Dessa forma, o foco de atuação do lobista depende do interesse que se deva defender e quem propôs a matéria que Ihes interessa. A relação entre lobistas e clientes é tensa devido ao forte estigma de marginalidade que o lobbying carrega. Sendo assim, o cliente desconfia dos métodos do lobista e o lobista, por sua vez, desconfia das intenções do cliente. Contudo, a atividade de lobbying é necessária para que se crie um canal de comunicação entre sociedade civil e Estado. Esse canal de comunicação é uma via de mão de dupla, pois, ao mesmo tempo em que melhora a imagem da empresa ou entidade junto ao Estado, possibilita ao mesmo trocar idéias e informações com a sociedade civil, o que subsidiará o seu processo de tomada de decisões e tornará a empresa ou entidade um interlocutor qualificado do Estado. As estratégias de ação comuns aos quatro tipos de lobbying são: monitoramento legislativo e político, elaboração de estudos técnicos e pareceres que subsidiem a informação que fornecem aos tomadores de decisão e o corpo-a-corpo, que consiste em argumentar para convencer. A grande visibilidade pública, a legitimidade, a capacidade de mobilização de suas bases e o caráter consensual e majoritário dos interesses defendidos pelas entidades classistas analisadas, são fatores que diferenciam a sua atuação frente à dos escritórios de consultoria e lobbying, que costumam defender interesses específicos e particularistas. O lobbying realizado no Brasil é reativo, já que em um país em que o poder Executivo propõe 85% dos projetos em tramitação e que regulamenta diversas áreas que afetam a atuação da iniciativa privada, seria difícil apresentar uma atuação propositiva. Apesar de polêmica, a regulamentação do lobbying é defendida por lobistas e autoridades públicas, uma vez que, pautàdo por regras claras, o lobbying poderia contribuir para a transparência do processo de tomada de decisões e a noção errônea de clandestinidade também chegaria ao fim. Porém, parece não haver vontade política por parte dos parlamentares e a regulamentação da atividade continua a aguardar debates mais contundentes, tanto por parte do poder Legislativo, quanto do poder Executivo
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Abstract: This paper evaluates the work of lobbyists ;n order to look into their relationship with the Legislative and Executive powers, their clients and above ali, their strategies of action used to achieve their objectives. As the lobbying activity has many ways of operation, we divide the into...
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Abstract: This paper evaluates the work of lobbyists ;n order to look into their relationship with the Legislative and Executive powers, their clients and above ali, their strategies of action used to achieve their objectives. As the lobbying activity has many ways of operation, we divide the into four types: public lobbying; institutional lobbying; class lobbying and private lobbying. Our
analysis, however, was limited to comparing class lobbying and private lobbying. The full development of lobbying in Brazil was made possible only with the strengthening of the Legislative power. which resulted from the process of re-democratization of the country. However, the present predominance of the Executive power over the Legislative, makes the focus of
lobbying in Brazil be aimed at both powers. Therefore, the focus of the lobbyist depends on the interest to be defended and who proposed the issue which interests them. The relationship between lobbyists and clients is tense due to the strong marginality stigma carried by lobbying. The client is suspicious of the methods of the lobbyist and the lobbyist is suspicious of the client's intentions. In spite of this, the lobbying activity is needed so that a communication channel is created between the civil society and the State. This communication channel is a two-way street, for it improves the image of the company as well as enables the exchange of ideas and information with the public in general, which will subsidize their decision-making process, and will make the company or entity a qualified state interlocutor. The strategies of action which are common among the four types of lobbying are: leg;slative and politics supervision, development of technical studies which subsidize the information that provides decision makers and the debate which consists of making an argument in order to convince. The great public visibility, legitimacy, the capacity of mobilization of their basis and the consensual and majoritary character of the
interests defended by the class entities analyzed, are factors which makes them stand out of the consulting and lobbying offices, which usually defend specific and particular interests. Lobbying carried on in Brazil is reactive, since in a country where the Executive power proposes 85% of the bills of law and rules several areas which affect the operation of the private initiative, it would be difficult to present a propositive action. In spite of ali controversy, lobbying regulations are defended by lobbyists and by public authorities, once based on clear rules, the lobbyist would be able to contribute to the transparence in the dccision making process and the wrongful notion of illegality would also come to an end. However, it seems that there is a lack of political willingness frem some members of Parliament and the regulation of the activity will have to expect more scathing debates from the Legislative power as well as the Executive Ver menos
analysis, however, was limited to comparing class lobbying and private lobbying. The full development of lobbying in Brazil was made possible only with the strengthening of the Legislative power. which resulted from the process of re-democratization of the country. However, the present predominance of the Executive power over the Legislative, makes the focus of
lobbying in Brazil be aimed at both powers. Therefore, the focus of the lobbyist depends on the interest to be defended and who proposed the issue which interests them. The relationship between lobbyists and clients is tense due to the strong marginality stigma carried by lobbying. The client is suspicious of the methods of the lobbyist and the lobbyist is suspicious of the client's intentions. In spite of this, the lobbying activity is needed so that a communication channel is created between the civil society and the State. This communication channel is a two-way street, for it improves the image of the company as well as enables the exchange of ideas and information with the public in general, which will subsidize their decision-making process, and will make the company or entity a qualified state interlocutor. The strategies of action which are common among the four types of lobbying are: leg;slative and politics supervision, development of technical studies which subsidize the information that provides decision makers and the debate which consists of making an argument in order to convince. The great public visibility, legitimacy, the capacity of mobilization of their basis and the consensual and majoritary character of the
interests defended by the class entities analyzed, are factors which makes them stand out of the consulting and lobbying offices, which usually defend specific and particular interests. Lobbying carried on in Brazil is reactive, since in a country where the Executive power proposes 85% of the bills of law and rules several areas which affect the operation of the private initiative, it would be difficult to present a propositive action. In spite of ali controversy, lobbying regulations are defended by lobbyists and by public authorities, once based on clear rules, the lobbyist would be able to contribute to the transparence in the dccision making process and the wrongful notion of illegality would also come to an end. However, it seems that there is a lack of political willingness frem some members of Parliament and the regulation of the activity will have to expect more scathing debates from the Legislative power as well as the Executive Ver menos
Speck, Bruno Wilhelm, 1960-
Orientador
Meneguello, Rachel, 1958-
Avaliador
Barros, Alexandre de Souza Costa
Avaliador
Costa, Valeriano Mendes Ferreira, 1961-
Avaliador
Bezerra, Marcos Otavio
Avaliador
Lobby e representação de interesses : lobistas e seu impacto sobre a representação de interesse no Brasil
Andrea Cristina de Jesus Oliveira
Lobby e representação de interesses : lobistas e seu impacto sobre a representação de interesse no Brasil
Andrea Cristina de Jesus Oliveira
Exemplares
Nº de exemplares: 2
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