Agradecimentos: The authors thank the "Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade" (ICMBio), the "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico" (CNPq 421276/2017-7) and the "Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo" (FAPES 34/2018) for joint research grant (CNPq/ICMBio/FAPs 18/2017; "Pesquisa em Unidades de Conservação da Caatinga e Mata Atlântica"); the managing team of the "Flona do Rio Preto" for support during fieldwork; the "Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" and the "Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo" for logistical support. We also thank the curators of all the herbaria who agreed to provide images for their collections and publish them on Reflora Virtual Herbarium. Amorim AMA, Carrijo TT, Forzza RC, Freitas L, Garbin ML, Goldenberg R, Labiak PHE, Lohmann LG, Melo JIM, Moraes PLR, Pastore JFB and Trovó M are also grateful to CNPq for their Pq grants ("Bolsa de produtividade em Pesquisa"); TT Carrijo, ML Garbin and A Alves-Araújo are grateful to FAPES for research grants ("Taxa de Pesquisa" #297/2021, #299/2021 and "Bolsa Pesquisador Capixaba" #525/2018, respectively). L Freitas and RC Forzza thank FAPERJ for additional funding (#E-26/202.775/2018 and #E-26/202.778/2018) Ver menos

Abstract: The Atlantic Forest is one of the most threatened biomes in the world. Despite that, this biome still includes many areas that are poorly known floristically, including several protected areas, such as the "Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto" ("Flona do Rio Preto"), located in the Brazilian State of Espírito Santo. This study used a published vascular plant species list for this protected area from the "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil" as the basis to synthesise the species richness, endemism, conservation and new species occurrences found in the "Flona do Rio Preto". The published list of vascular plants was based on field expeditions conducted between 2018 and 2020 and data obtained from herbarium collections available in online databases. Overall, 722 species were documented for the "Flona do Rio Preto", 711 of which are native to Brazil and 349 are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. In addition, 60 species are geographically disjunct between the Atlantic and the Amazon Forests. Most of the documented species are woody and more than 50% of these are trees. Twenty-three species are threatened (CR, EN and VU), while five are Data Deficient (DD). Thirty-two species are new records for the State of Espírito Santo. Our results expand the knowledge of the flora of the Atlantic Forest and provide support for the development of new conservation policies for this protected area Ver menos