Agradecimentos: The authors acknowledge funding from the National Institutes of Health (HL140951, HL137193, CA257558) and the Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation. This review is also supported by the U.S. NASA MUREP Institutional Research Opportunity (MIRO) (80NSSC19M0200) and NASA MUREP High Volume (80NSSC22M0132). H-J.K. would like to acknowledge the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education (RS-2023-00240729). This research was supported by the MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program (IITP-2023-RS-2023-00258971) supervised by the IITP (Institute for Information Communications Technology Planning Evaluation). This work was also supported and grant-funded by Korea University Guro Hospital (Korea Research-Driven Hospital) and Korea University (K2325651). M.A. would like to acknowledge the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada - NSERC (RGPIN-2023-05444) Ver menos

Abstract: As miniaturized and simplified stem cell-derived 3D organ-like structures, organoids are rapidly emerging as powerful tools for biomedical applications. With their potential for personalized therapeutic interventions and high-throughput drug screening, organoids have gained significant attention recently. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in engineering organoids and using materials engineering, biochemical modifications, and advanced manufacturing technologies to improve organoid culture and replicate vital anatomical structures and functions of human tissues. We then explore the diverse biomedical applications of organoids, including drug development and disease modeling, and highlight the tools and analytical techniques used to investigate organoids and their microenvironments. We also examine the latest clinical trials and patents related to organoids that show promise for future clinical translation. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of using organoids to advance biomedical research and potentially transform personalized medicine Ver menos