Agradecimentos: This project is funded by the British Academy and Newton Fund (Newton Mobility Grants, NG140074). The work was also funded by the ERC Consolidator project TRADITION, which has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 817911, and by EarlyFoods (Evolution and impact of early food production systems), 2021 SGR 00527. This work contributes to the "María de Maeztu" Programme for Units of Excellence of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CEX2019-000940-M) provided to ICTA-UAB. AB thanks productivity scholarships by CNPq, Brazil (grants #301592/2017-9 and 304170/2021-6). The authors thank Marcia Bezerra (Universidade Federal do Pará) for providing information on similar fsh weirs in Pará. We are also grateful to Krista McGarth (Universidad Autonoma de Barcellona) for her constructive comments on the frst drafts of the manuscript. The authors want to thank the people of Panaquatira and Boa Viagem for their generous participation in this research Ver menos

Abstract: The relevance of local ecological knowledge to conservation and development agendas is gaining momentum, and the Amazon biome features as one of the most promising areas for its empirical application. Considerable attention has been given to forest composition and Indigenous land use, while coastal and marine environments have only received cursory attention. Camboas de pedra is the name given by coastal communities in the Brazilian eastern Amazon to permanent intertidal fsh weirs/traps constructed of local stones. The structures are singular features of the present day coastal landscape of São Luís Island (State of Maranhão). They are some of the most impressive evidence of the continued use of pre-Columbian Indigenous knowledge by rural communities in this region. Our deliberative and participatory study of the Camboas de pedra of the beaches of Panaquatira and Boa Viagem on São Luis Island revealed that the structures continue to provide both cultural and provision services to local users, playing a pivotal role in household food security and poverty alleviation in the eastern Amazon. Our results highlight the importance of integrating local users’ perceptions of heritage structures, both tangible and intangible, in order to design inclusive, equitable and sustainable conservation and fsheries management strategies Ver menos