Agradecimentos: V.H.R., D.D.C., J.T., and G.T. are supported by FAPESP Projects No. 17/05685-2 (all), No. 21/10750-3 (V.H.R.), and No. 2021/01700-2 (G.T.). M.A.L. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-SC0020651 and acknowledges support of the Fulbright Commission of Brazil. C.S. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-SC0021969. C.S. acknowledges support from a DOE Office of Science Early Career Award. J.T. acknowledges CNPq bolsa de produtividade 309174/2020-1. G.T. acknowledges CNPQ bolsa de produtividade 306152/2020-7 as well as Grant No. BPN/ULM/2021/1/00039 from the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange. W.M.S. is supported by FAPESP Projects No. 22/11842-1, No. 21/01670-6, and No. 18/24720-6 Ver menos

Abstract: We performed a systematic study on the formation of vorticity rings as the process for jet thermalization in the medium created in high-energy nuclear collisions. In this work, we expanded our previous analysis to a more realistic framework by considering noncentral events and fluctuations in the initial condition. We simulate the formation and evolution of the flow vortex structure in a relativistic viscous hydrodynamic model and study the sensitivity of the proposed "ring observable" (R-Lambda(t)) that can be measured experimentally through the polarization of Lambda hyperons. We show that this observable is robust with respect to fluctuating initial conditions to capture the jet-induced vortex flow signal and further study its dependence on different model parameters, such as the jet's velocity, position, the fluid's shear viscosity, and the collision centrality. The proposed observable is associated with the formation of vorticity in a quark-gluon plasma, showing that the measurement of particle polarization can be a powerful tool to probe different properties of jet-medium interactions and to understand better the polarization induced by the transverse and longitudinal expansions of the medium Ver menos