Agradecimentos: We are grateful to André Cid F. Santos, and Roseli Maria Foratto by helping during fieldwork. Drawing of Fig. S2 by Oscar Sanches Neto. Some equipment used for playback experiments were manu-factured by Oscar de Souza Sanches. We are grateful to Nuria Pol

Anurans emit distress calls when attacked by predators as a defensive mechanism. As distress calls may trigger antipredator behaviour even in individuals that are not under attack, we tested whether this defensive behaviour induced behavioural changes in

CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ

302589/2013-9; 300896/2016-6; 438675/2016-9; 150041/2017-9; 405285/2013-2

FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP

2013/21519-4; 2014/23388-7

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