Agradecimentos: This research was supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Grant AR‐06 9577 (to M.C.H.), the University of Exeter Outward Mobility Academic Fellowship (to S.J.B.), and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico...

Agradecimentos: This research was supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Grant AR‐06 9577 (to M.C.H.), the University of Exeter Outward Mobility Academic Fellowship (to S.J.B.), and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq–Universal no. 424 527/2016‐2; to L.N.)

Dietary nitrate supplementation increases plasma nitrite concentration, which provides an oxygen-independent source of nitric oxide and can delay skeletal muscle fatigue. Nitrate supplementation has been shown to increase myofibre calcium release and force production in mouse skeletal muscle during...

Dietary nitrate supplementation increases plasma nitrite concentration, which provides an oxygen-independent source of nitric oxide and can delay skeletal muscle fatigue. Nitrate supplementation has been shown to increase myofibre calcium release and force production in mouse skeletal muscle during contractions at a supra-physiological oxygen tension, but it is unclear whether nitrite exposure can delay fatigue development and improve myofibre calcium handling at a near-physiological oxygen tension. Single mouse muscle fibres acutely treated with nitrite had a lower force and cytosolic calcium concentration during single non-fatiguing contractions at a near-physiological oxygen tension. Nitrite treatment delayed fatigue development during repeated fatiguing isometric contractions at near-physiological, but not at supra-physiological, oxygen tension in combination with better maintenance of myofilament calcium sensitivity and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pumping. These findings improve understanding of the mechanisms by which increased skeletal muscle nitrite exposure might be ergogenic and imply that this is related to improved calcium handling. Dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation, which increases plasma nitrite (NO2-) concentration, has been reported to attenuate skeletal muscle fatigue development. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium (Ca2+) release is enhanced in isolated single skeletal muscle fibres following NO3- supplementation or NO2- incubation at a supra-physiological PO2 but it is unclear whether NO2- incubation can alter Ca2+ handling and fatigue development at a near-physiological PO2. We hypothesised that NO2- treatment would improve Ca2+ handling and delay fatigue at a physiological PO2 in intact single mouse skeletal muscle fibres. Each muscle fibre was perfused with Tyrode solution pre-equilibrated with either 20% (PO2 similar to 150 Torr) or 2% O-2 (PO2 = 15.6 Torr) in the absence and presence of 100 mu M NaNO2. At supra-physiological PO2 (i.e. 20% O-2), time to fatigue was lowered by 34% with NaNO2 (control: 257 +/- 94 vs. NaNO2: 159 +/- 46 s, Cohen's d = 1.63, P 0.05), but extended by 21% with NaNO2 at 2% O-2 (control: 308 +/- 217 vs. NaNO2: 368 +/- 242 s, d = 1.14, P 0.01). During the fatiguing contraction protocol completed with NaNO2 at 2% O-2, peak cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](c)) was not different (P > 0.05) but [Ca2+](c) accumulation between contractions was lower, concomitant with a greater SR Ca2+ pumping rate (P 0.05) compared to the control condition. These results demonstrate that increased exposure to NO2- blunts fatigue development at near-physiological, but not at supra-physiological, PO2 through enhancing SR Ca2+ pumping rate in single skeletal muscle fibres. These findings extend our understanding of the mechanisms by which increased NO2- exposure can mitigate skeletal muscle fatigue development

CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ

424 527/2016-2

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