Agradecimentos: This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP (2012/51781-0), the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES (grant to MBSC) and CAPES-Computational Biology Program (grant to APS) and the National Council for...

Agradecimentos: This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP (2012/51781-0), the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES (grant to MBSC) and CAPES-Computational Biology Program (grant to APS) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq (grants to APS 309661/2014–5 and MCEA 312479/2013-1).
This study was funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP, number 2012/51781-0, which is gratefully acknowledged. MCEA and APS thank CNPq for research grants (312479/2013-1 and 309661/2014–5). MBSC thanks the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for an MS fellowship. AAP thanks FAPESP for a PhD scholarship (2013/11137-7) and CAPES - Computational Biology Program for a post-doctoral fellowship. GMM thanks FAPESP for post-doctoral fellowships (13/08086-1 and 14/22821–9). The authors thank Dr Miklos Maximiliano Bajay, Dr Alexandre Rizzo Zuntini and Prof. Dr Fábio Pinheiro for their valuable input. We thank Nathália Streher for help with the herbarium material. We are grateful to Dr Mariana Barreto, Dr Fernanda Ancelmo and Dr André Conson for help with the nuclear SSR library

In the Clusia criuva Cambess. species complex, the two subspecies C. criuva subsp. parviflora Vesque and C. criuva subsp. criuva can only be distinguished on the basis of stamen/staminode morphology and geographical occurrence. Despite being recently restructured, taxonomic relationships in this...

In the Clusia criuva Cambess. species complex, the two subspecies C. criuva subsp. parviflora Vesque and C. criuva subsp. criuva can only be distinguished on the basis of stamen/staminode morphology and geographical occurrence. Despite being recently restructured, taxonomic relationships in this complex remain unclear. Therefore, to illuminate the evolutionary mechanisms involved in the diversification of these two lineages we investigated their population structure, phylogeographical and niche distribution patterns using plastid and nuclear microsatellites (plastid SSRs and nuSSRs, respectively). We obtained ten polymorphic nuSSRs from a microsatellite-enriched library and used six previously described plastid SSRs to genotype c. 300 samples. We conducted F-statistics, genetic distance and population structure analyses to test whether the subspecies presented distinct genotypic clusters. Putative phylogeographic breaks were also identified and tested. Finally, we developed distribution models to contrast genetic and environmental information. We found extensive genetic differentiation between the subspecies. Three significant breaks were identified, two of which coincide with geographical barriers. Niche modelling predictions indicated that C. criuva subsp. criuva potentially occupied a much wider area during the Last Glacial Maximum than it does today. These results indicate that both lineages are evolving independently because of limited gene flow and restriction to different environments, suggesting that they should again be elevated to species status. To clarify this issue, we recommend further phylogenetic and morphological studies

COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES

CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ

309661/2014–5; 312479/2013-1; 312479/2013-1; 309661/2014–5

FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP

2012/51781-0; 2012/51781-0; 13/08086-1; 14/22821–9

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