Agradecimentos: We would like to thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), for the scholarships. We also thank the Laboratory of Stable Isotopes (CENA-USP), and the researchers Dr. Adalgiza...

Agradecimentos: We would like to thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), for the scholarships. We also thank the Laboratory of Stable Isotopes (CENA-USP), and the researchers Dr. Adalgiza Fornaro, Dr. Daniela Montanari Migliavacca Osorio, Dr. Danilo Custódio, Dr. Guilherme Palermo Coelho, Dr. Graziela Meneghel de Moraes, Dr. Ronalton Evandro Machado, Ana Paula Gomes de Moraes Duarte and Gilberto de Almeida. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model at the READY website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov). The authors also thank Espaço da Escrita – Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa – UNICAMP – for the language services provided

Abstract: In the city of Limeira, located in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, the major ions of 30 rainwater samples, collected from Sep/2013 to Mar/2014, were quantified by ionic chromatography (ICS 90); and HCO3- was determined via Gran titration. Three source apportionment methods, namely...

Abstract: In the city of Limeira, located in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, the major ions of 30 rainwater samples, collected from Sep/2013 to Mar/2014, were quantified by ionic chromatography (ICS 90); and HCO3- was determined via Gran titration. Three source apportionment methods, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA), air mass trajectory clustering and enrichment factor (EF), were used to identify the main sources of pollutants dissolved in rainwater samples. The concentration of ions (mu eq L-1), of the samples was: Ca2+ > NH4+ > Na+ > HCO3- > Mg2+ > SO42- > NO3- > Cl- > K+ > H+, and pH = 5.6 in VWM. The first three components obtained via PCA explained 75% of the total variance correlation and indicated a strong contribution of pollutants from agricultural emissions in the studied region, possibly due to the proximity of rural areas. The generated trajectory clusters indicated a 70% contribution from continental sources in the studied area. EF showed that SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, K+, Mg2+ and HCO3- are from anthropogenic sources whereas Ca2+ is from crust and Na+ is from crust and anthropogenic sources. The anthropogenic sources, possibly associated with the region's agricultural activities, mining, industries and heavy vehicle traffic. In addition, it was verified the negative impact the fire outbreaks in the State of Sao Paulo had on the quality of the air in Limeira. Finally, the ionic concentrations in rainwater samples collected in the urban area of Limeira were compared with data from monitored cities in Brazil and throughout the world

CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ

COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES

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