Abstract: Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ASCC) is an infrequent neoplasia that represents 2% of the digestive tumors and it has a growing incidence. This investigation (i) studies the pathogenesis of an increasingly prevalent disease, (ii) its treatment and prognosis along with (iii) a bibliographical review of the main characteristics of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) as well as its effects on humans. A literature review is performed, comprising articles up to 2019 and cross-research manuscripts with the initial research. Several studies demonstrate the HPV role as a significant risk factor to the development of ASCC, as well as its higher incidence in HIV-positive individuals and in those who engage in receptive anal intercourse. Future trends in theragnostic using information technology are examined. ASCC is a neoplasm mostly associated with HPV. Many studies are needed to improve the treatment as well as in the evaluation of the tumor characteristics Ver menos