Orientador: Ladaslav Sodek

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia

Resumo: Estudou-se, mediante polimorfismo enzimático em gel de poliacrilamida e polimorfismo de DNA baseado na amplificação de segmentos de DNA ao acaso denominado RAPD, a variabilidade genética em citros, palmeiras e couve. Em citros, as espécies e cultivares de laranja doce Hamlim, Natal,...

Resumo: Estudou-se, mediante polimorfismo enzimático em gel de poliacrilamida e polimorfismo de DNA baseado na amplificação de segmentos de DNA ao acaso denominado RAPD, a variabilidade genética em citros, palmeiras e couve. Em citros, as espécies e cultivares de laranja doce Hamlim, Natal, Valência, Pêra, Baianinha (C. sinensis); laranja azeda (C. aurantim); tangerinas clementina, sunki, cleópatra e poncã (C. Clementina, sunki, reshni, reticulata); lima da pérsia (C. limettioides); limão galego (C. aurantifolia); limão-cravo (C. limonia) e trifoliata (Poncirus trifoliata). Em palmeiras, as espécies e ecótipos de açaí (E. oleracea) itajobi, pariquera, danilo; juçara (Euterpe edulis); euterpe Tadeu; híbrido açaí x juçara; pupunhas yurimaguas, benjamim Constant, branca uma, t2s1, EEU, ceplac 10, Walter (Bactris gasipae); dendê hermes (Elaeis guineensis); gariroba (Syagrus oleraceae).Em couve as variedades de couve manteiga ribeirão pires 2620; 1811; roxa; são roque; gigante 915; 916; crespa piracicaba; ribeirão pires 2446, crespa capão bonito; tupi; jundiaí; Mococa; são josé; roxa monte alegre; verde escura. Os extratos de folhas foram analisados para as isoenzimas de malato desidrogenase (MDH), enzima málica (ME), leucinoaminopeptidase (LAP), glutamato oxaloacetato transaminase (GOT), fosfoglucoisomerase (PGI), fosfoglucomutase (PGM), isocitrato desidrogenase (IDH), peroxidase (PRX), esterase (EST), e para os marcadores RAPD utilizando os quarenta primers do kit A e B da Operon Technologies. Verificou-se grande variabilidade genética interespecífica, comprovada pelos dendrogramas UPGMA, para citros, e palmeiras couve, com reconhecimento de híbridos nas palmeiras, porém nenhum polimorfismo entre os cultivares de laranjas doces. Foram observadas bandas além das referidas pela literatura em gel de amido. As relações filogenéticas entre as espécies e cultivares ficaram de acordo com a literatura existente. Foi comprovada a maior eficácia dos marcadores RAPD em relação aos de isoenzimas ,pois possibilita facilmente a análise de grande número de marcadores genéticos, de especial interesse nos casos em que as isoenzimas não expressam interesse nos polimorfismo

Abstract: Genetic diversity was studied by means of polymorphism using polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis a DNA polymorphism assay based on the amplification of random DNA segments denominated RAPD, for citrus, palm and cabbage plants. The following citrus species were analyzed: sweet orange...

Abstract: Genetic diversity was studied by means of polymorphism using polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis a DNA polymorphism assay based on the amplification of random DNA segments denominated RAPD, for citrus, palm and cabbage plants. The following citrus species were analyzed: sweet orange (C.sinensis), Hamlin, Natal, Valencia, Pera and Baianinha; clementine, sunki, cleopatra and mandarin tangerines (C. clementina, C .sunki, C .cleopatra, C. reticulata); Palestine lime (C. limettioides); West Indian lime (C.aurantifolia); Rangpur lime (C.limonia) ; Sour orange (c. aurantium) ; citron (C. medica) and Poncirus trifoliata. For palms species the following were studied: Euterpe oleracea varieties, , açaí, açaí itajobi, pariquera, danilo; Euterpe edulis varieties, juçara; euterpe tadeu; hybrids from E. edulis x E.oleracea; Syagrus oleracea var gariroba; Elaeis guineensis var dendê hermes; Bactris gasipae, varieties E.E.U., t2s1, branca una, uurimaguas, ceplac 10, benjamim contant and walter. For cabbage, fifteen varieties of Campinas Agronomic Institute were studied. Citrus, palm and cabbage leaf extracts were analysed for isozymes of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) , malic enzyme (ME) , leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase isomerase (GOT), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphoglucose mutase (PGM), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) , peroxidase (PRX) and esterase (EST). Polymorphism was also investigated by the RAPD technique using forty primers obtained from Operon Technologies. Interespecific differences were observed in citrus, palms and cabbage as well as distinctive patterns for palm hybrids; on the other hand, no variation between intraespecific C. sinensis cultivars was observed. Some bands were observed in addition to those cited in the literature where starch gel electroporesis was used for enzymatic polymorphism. The conclusions with regard to polymorphic patterns obtained using the RAPD technique confirmed those observed with isozymes, with the advantages of its greater efficiency and ability to process a large number of samples